Discovering the Universe

Asteroids, Comets, Meteors
http://www.seds.org/billa/tnp/smallbodies.html

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Comet Sites

Best Comet Site
http://encke.jpl.nasa.gov/

Hale-Bopp
http://www.halebopp.com
Hale-Bopp: some say it could be the brightest comet in two decades.
It will be visible mid-1996 and into Spring 1997. Site features contri-
butions from the astronomers who discovered the comet. Dazzling
graphics.

Hyakutake
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/comet/hyakutake/images.html
Images of Comet Hyakutake shooting through the Big Dipper,
Arctutus, and Coma Berenices

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Nebulae and Related Phenomenon

Overview
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/types.html
Descriptions of various types of nebulae, star clusters.

Horsehead Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/b33.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/b33x.html

Pleiades
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/m45.html
facts: http://www.seds.org/billa/twn/m45x.html

Antares & Rho Ophiuch
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/ant.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/antx.html

NGC 7023
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n7023.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n7023x.html

Orion Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n1976.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n1976x.html

Trifid Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6514.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6514x.html

Lagoon Nebula
photo:http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6523.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6523x.html

Eta Carina
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n3372.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n3372x.html

Keyhole Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n3324.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n3324x.html

Eagle Nebula
photo: http://www.seds.org/billa/twn/n6611.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6611x.html

Omega Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6618.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6618x.html

Rosette Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n2237.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n2237x.html

Ring Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6720.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6720x.html

Saturn Nebula
photo:http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n7009.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n7009x.html

Eskimo Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n2392.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n2392x.html

NGC 2440
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n2440.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n2440x.html

Helix Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n7293.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n7293x.html

Dumbell Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6853.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6853x.html

Little Dumbell Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n0650.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n0650x.html

Cat's Eye Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6543.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n6543x.html

Six Planetary Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/planets.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/planetsx.html

Crab Nebula
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n1952.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/n1952x.html

Vela Supernova Remnant
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/vela.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/velax.html

Veil Nebula
photo:http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/vela.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/velax.html

Puppis A
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/puppis.html
facts:http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/puppisx.html

Supernova 1987a
photo: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/sn1987a.html
facts: http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu:80/billa/twn/sn1987ax.html

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Quasars

http://home.achilles.net/~jtalbot/news/NakedQSO.html
and
http://www.astro.umd.edu/education/astro/actgal/quasars.html
Two views/definitions of what quasars are. Quasars still inspire
debate. The sites bellow represent one point of view.

http://home.achilles.net/~jtalbot/news/NakedQSO.html
The Hubble Space Telescope failed to find the nebulosity standard
cosmological theory says is associated with quasars, according to this site.

http://home.achilles.net/~jtalbot/news/GROJ1655s40.html
Discovery of a possible quasar in the Milkey Way Galaxy.

http://home.achilles.net/~jtalbot/news/GROJ1655s40.html
The first superluminal motion ever detected within our Galaxy.

http://home.achilles.net/~jtalbot/news/3C345.html
This site challanges the idea that the redshift is a valid distance
indicator where the quasars are concerned.

http://home.achilles.net/~jtalbot/news/3C405.html
The Hubble Telescope finds a nearby quasar.

http://home.achilles.net/~jtalbot/abs/AV1999b.htmll
A search through proper motion survey reveals that quasar TON 202 is nearby. This too chalanges the red shift hypothesis.

http://home.achilles.net/~jtalbot/news/SS433.html
"Quasar-like" jets from a galactic star.

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Binary Stars

http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/courses/astro201/binstar.htm
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/binaries/algol.html
http://wonka.physics.ncsu.edu//Astro/Research/Algol/
An mpeg movie of Algol

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Astrophysics

http://www.submm.caltech.edu/cso/cso_submm.html
From the Caltech Submillemeter Observatory, a look at where submillimeter emissions come from.

http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~btsoifer/comet_1sec_cl.gif
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~btsoifer/palomar.gif
Infrared images of Comet Hyakutake and Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact sites on Jupiter.

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Astronomers

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Copernicus.html
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kepler.html
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Galileo.html
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Newton.html
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ptolemy.html
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Brahe.html
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Einstein.html
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BiogIndex.html

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Cosmology

http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/web_site.html
What is Cosmology? What's all the excitement about? This page links to others that attempt to answer these and other questions.

http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/web_site.html
An introductory to cosmology. This page links to others that address questions like, How fast is the universe expanding? What, is the universe made of?

http://astron.berkeley.edu/~mwhite/darkmatter/dm.html
and
http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/study/sci/cosmo/internal/olbers.htm
Views on dark matter and Olber's Paradox, respectively.

http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/mission_overview.html
A mission overview of MAP, which is set to launch December 1999.

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The Greenhouse Effect

http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/
Basic facts on the greenhouse effect.

http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/emissions/index.html
Information on the gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.

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The Ozone Layer

http://www.epa.gov/docs/ozone/science/sc_fact.html
Basic facts about the ozone layer and its depletion

http://www.faqs.org/faqs/ozone-depletion/intro
Frequently asked questions about the atmosphere and the ozone layer.

http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/
General information, including ozone reports for 1990-1995. Also links to other sites (from NASA, the EPA, Canada) that have information on ozone depletion.

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Space Missions

http://www.seds.org/billa/tnp/spacecraft.html
Voyager, Pioneer, Mariner, Viking, Apollo missions, to name a few.

http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/rpif/SSPR.html
Taken from Space Shuttle missions, photos of Earth's continent and spacecraft, including the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

http://www.nasm.edu/apollo/
Descriptions of twelve Apollo missions, including 11 (first lunar landing) and 13. Includes pictures.

Space missions launched by NASA, Europe, USSR/Russia and Japan

http://www.nasm.edu/apollo/apollotop10.htm
or
http://www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/curator/lunar/lunar10.htm
Top 10 scientific discoveries made during explorations of the moon.

http://exploration.jsc.nasa.gov/curator/lunar/lunar.htm
Facts about samples taken from the moon.

http://www.nasa.gov/home/index.html
NASA's home page. Includes pictures, answers to questions about NASA/.

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General Interest

http://www.noao.edu/outreach/faq_astronomy.html
Frequently Asked Questions about Astronomy & Space and their Answers

http://www.cv.nrao.edu/fits/www/astroweb.html
Links to literally hundreds of sites related to astronomy, including observing resources, data resources, organizations, and publication, people, software-related resources. Also allows you to search by keywords.

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Meteor Sites

Calendar
http://comets.amsmeteors.org/

Meteorites
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/meteorites.html

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Solar Eclipse

Educators Guide to Eclipses
http://www.astro.indiana.edu/solar/eclipse.mpg

Solar Eclipse Bulletins
http://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/sdac.html

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Life in the Universe

SETI Institute
http://www.seti-inst.edu/

Tutorial on SETI
http://www.science-spirit.org/seti/seti.html

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Hot Astro Links

Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum
Overview of Chicago Space Museum
http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/history/

75th Anniversary Astronomical Debate
Scientific Discussions on the Universe
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html

Astronomy & Astrophysics on the Web
Scores of Space Sites
http://www.cv.nrao.edu/fits/www/astroweb.html

The Astronomy Cafe
Beginner's Guide to Astronomy
http://www.theastronomycafe.net/

Astronomy Picture of the Day
Photos of the univese
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html

Ganymede Images
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo

Exploratorium, California
http://www.exploratorium.edu/

National Air and Space Museum
http://www.nasm.edu

Planetariums
http://www.astronomy.org/chaco/index.html
http://www.chabotspace.org/

Science On-Line; virtual museums
http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/SII/

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Galaxies

The Galaxy Catalog
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~frei/galaxy_catalog.html

The Shapley-Curtis Debate in 1920
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/debate20.html
Transcript of the well-publicized debate between Harlow Shapley and Eber Curtis, regarding whether or not the Universe is one big galaxy. Extensive background information available at the site.

Galaxy Collisions on a CD-ROM
http://www.virtualstar.fsbusiness.co.uk/
Galaxy Collider from Virtual Star, Ltd. allows you to design simulations of colliding galaxies and watch from any angle.

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Big Bang

Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm

History of the Universe Timeline
http://www.pbs.org/deepspace/timeline/index.html
An interactive timeline of the Universe; from a split second after the Big Bang, until trillions of years in our future.

Hot Big Bang - Cambridge
http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/bb_home.html
This tour introduces the Big Bang cosmology and its successes, while emphasizing its incompleteness and the areas in which Cambridge Relativity group members are working.

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Dark Matter

Mysterious Dark Matter
http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/Cosmos/MystDarkMatter.html

Prof. Martin White: Dark Matter
http://astron.berkeley.edu/~mwhite/darkmatter/dm.html
An essay on dark matter with links to further resources.

Jonathan Dursi's Tutorial Page
http://www.astro.queensu.ca/~dursi/tutorials.html
A tutorial on dark matter written by a graduate student.

The Particle Adventure
http://particleadventure.org/
The fundamentals of matter and force are presented as a particle adventure. An award-winning interactive tour of quarks, neutrinos, antimatter, extra dimensions, dark matter, accelerators and particle detectors.

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History

Astronomiae Historia
http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/astoria.html
Currently contains more than 400 files (Web pages), which would give several thousand pages on paper if printed out. Designed as a general history of astronomy, it is especially strong on biographical information for famous astronomers.

Starry Messenger
http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/
A site which covers the science and people of early astronomy: from the ancient greek period until Galileo and the 17th century astronomical renaissance.

Speed of Light
http://www.what-is-the-speed-of-light.com/
A historical timeline of attempts to measure the speed of light, beginning with Galileo's lantern experiment.

Apollo - Expeditions to the Moon
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-350/cover.html
A book about the Apollo program written by those who took part in it. Fully online, it includes chapters from Wernher von Braun, a prominent figure in post-WWII rocketry, and lunar explorer Alan B. Shepard.

Encyclopedia Astronomica
http://www.astronautix.com/
Further resources about the history of space flight.

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Observatories

Large Telescopes
http://www.seds.org/billa/bigeyes.html
A hyperlinked list of the world's largest telescopes; from here you can access the homepages of over 50 observatories.

National Optical Astronomy Observatory
http://www.noao.edu/
Responsible for several observatories including Kitt Peak.

National Radio Astronomy Observatory
http://www.nrao.edu/
Responsible for the VLA, VLBA, and Green Bank.

The Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center
http://chandra.harvard.edu/
Since its launch on July 23, 1999, Chandra has been NASA's flagship mission for X-ray astronomy. Now you can see computer-enhanced pictures and read the latest discoveries made with this orbital observatory.

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Q & A

The Astronomy Cafè
http://itss.raytheon.com/cafe/cafe.html
The Astronomy Cafè was a book based on the Q & A format. This site offers thousands of questions and answers.

The Cosmology FAQ
http://arcturus.mit.edu/ask/faq.html
This "Ask an MIT Cosmologist" series provides answers to questions about time, the universe, black holes, and more.

Stephen Hawking
http://www.hawking.org.uk/
Hawking is an award-winning Cambridge physicist and travelling lecturer who came up with the idea of tiny black holes. Some of his lectures have been published at his website, with titles such as "The Beginning of Time" and "The Nature of Space and Time."

Image Galleries

NASA - Visible Earth
http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/
A searchable directory of images, visualizations, and animations of the Earth.

NASA - Planetary Photojournal
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/
JPL's image database consists mainly of solar system images - planets, moons, and space debris. There are also some sections on space exploration, and the universe at large.

The Messier Catalog
http://www.seds.org/messier/
A guide to the 110 objects recognized as the standard Messier catalog. For each object, an image is presented together with a short description; click on the image to get a larger-format version.

HubbleSite
http://hubble.stsci.edu/
Made to celebrate the telescope's 10th year in space, this site is a collection of some of Hubble's top photos and discoveries.

William Keel's Gallery
http://www.astr.ua.edu/keel/agn/
Quasars and active galaxies.

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Astronomy Publications

Astronomy Magazine
http://www.astronomy.com/

Sky & Telescope Magazine
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/

Star Gazer
http://www.jackstargazer.com/
Star Gazer is billed as the world's only weekly television series on naked-eye astronomy. Each episode features selected objects for observing over the following week. The episodes are between 1 and 5 minutes long and can be downloaded in streaming video (RealPlayer) if you missed the PBS broadcast.

InfoTrac College Edition
http://infotrac.thomsonlearning.com/
Thomson Learning brings you over 14 million online articles from a variety of magazines and newspapers.

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News

NOVA - PBS
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/
These companion sites offer some of the latest in feature stories, in an accessible and graphically rich way. Based on the weekly science series NOVA.

Marshall Space Flight Ctr. News
http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/
The press release headquarters for NASA's Marshall Center focuses on space flight and orbital experiments.

Science@NASA
http://science.nasa.gov/
This site has a double goal: to help the public understand how exciting NASA research is and to help NASA scientists fulfill their outreach responsibilities.

StarStuff
http://www.starstuff.org/
This site is designed to allow the experimenters themselves to write about astronomical discoveries in a public forum. Supported in part by the Space Telescope Science Institute.

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Organizations

International Astronomical Union
http://www.iau.org/
Founded in 1919, this organization defined the modern constellations and today names celestial objects.

Astronomical Society of the Pacific
http://www.astrosociety.org/
Founded in 1889 by a group of professional and amateur astronomers who met to view a rare total solar eclipse, they publish Mercury magazine, aimed at a similar audience of pros and hobbyists. The ASP also organizes educational shows and events, some of which are online and some of which require live participation.

Sidewalk Astronomers
http://www.sidewalkastronomers.com/
A network of West Coast amateur astronomers. They organize night-time field trips, and demonstrations on how to build your own telescope.