Learning Objectives

1. Understand how protons, electrons, and neutrons are arranged into atoms and ions.
2. Explain how the distribution of electrons in an atom or ion determines the number and kinds of chemical bonds that can be formed.
3. Know the various types of chemical bonds, the circumstances under which each forms, and the relative strengths of each type.
4. Understand the essential chemistry of water and of some common substances dissolved in it.
5. Be able to distinguish: acid, base, salt, buffer.